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Degree of Comparison



Degree of Comparison is the form of comparing something/someone to something/someone else 


1.Positive degree = the comparative form of adj/adv used to show that 2 things /people have the equals characteristic
    S      +     to be     +    As    +   Adj / Adv    +    As    +      O                    

                   Verb
This house is as expensive as that house.
He can run as quickly as a tiger. 


2. Comparative Degree = The comparative form of adj/adv used to compare 2 things/people     
    S      +    to be/verb      +    more        +    Adj/Adv    +      than      +   O      
    S     +   to be  /verb     +    Adj / Adv   +    er             +       than     +    O 


The Roast Beef is cheaper than Tuna Salad. 
She can sing more beautifully than you 


3. Superlative Degree : The comparative form of adj/adv used to compare 1 thing/person is compared to a group of three or more things/people. A superlative adj is always preceded by “the”
      S      +     tn be      +      the      +      most     :     +     adj/ adv
      S      +     to be      +      the      +      adj / adv    +    est 

The ice tea is the most expensive among all beverages.   
It can be learned from the examples above that there are three degrees of comparison, e.g. positive, comparative and superlative degree. 


Positive                                          Comparative                            Superlative 
cheap                                              cheaper                                   (the) cheapest 
expensive                                       more expensive                      (the) most expensive


The followings are some common rules in forming the comparative and superlative degree of comparison.
 
1. For one syllable words,
a) add –er for the comparative degree and add –est     for the superlative.
e.g.:        tall              taller                        tallest
              sweet          sweeter                   sweetest
 
b) Adjectives ending in –e, just add –r and –st.
e.g.:      large              larger             largest
             late               later               latest
 
c) If the adjectives end in a vowel and a consonant,
double the consonant before adding –er and –est.
e.g.:        fat     fatter        fattest
               thin   thinner     thinnest
  2. For two syllables words,
a) If the adjectives end in –y, add –er for the comparative degree and add –est for the superlative.
e.g.:   busy             busier                      the  busiest
          ugly              uglier                      the ugliest
 
It is also preferred to add –er and –est for the following adjectives.
                     clever                   cleverer                  the  cleverest
                     quiet                     quieter                    the quietest
                     simple                  simpler                    the simplest
 
b) For most adjectives and adverbs, precede more for the comparative degree and most for the superlative.
e.g.:   famous              more famous                      most famous
          tragic                 more tragic                         most tragic
          modern              more modern                      the most modern
3. For the adverbs end in –ly either of two or more syllables, precede more for the comparative degree and most for the superlative.
e.g.:   slowly                        more slowly                    the  most slowly
          carefully                   more carefully                 the most carefully
 
It is an exception for the adverb early. It uses suffix –er and –est.
            early             earlier                 the  earliest
4. For more than or equals to two syllables words, just precede more for the comparative degree and most for the superlative.
     e.g.:    difficult                 more difficult                      the most difficult
               comfortable           more comfortable               the  most comfortable
5. For the adjectives end in –ing or ed either of two or more syllable, precede more for the comparative degree and most for the superlative.
e.g.: interesting              more interesting                        the most interesting
         boring                    more boring                                the most boring
         tired                       more tired                                  the most tired
It’s also the exception for Some 2 syllables can be used with either –er  or more in the comparative and –est or the most in the superlative form.
 e.g. :    handsome        handsomer/more handsome           the handsomest/the most handsome
             narrow              narrower/more narrow                   the narrowest/the most narrow


5. There are some irregular forms of comparative and superlative degree.
Positive          Comparative   Superlative        Explanation
bad                   worse              (the) worst             Adj.
far                    farther             (the) farthest         Adj. used for distance
far                    further             (the) furthest         Adj. used for time, distance and abstract things
good                 better              (the) best               Adj.
well                  better              (the) best               Adv.
little                  less                 (the) least              Adj.
many                more                (the) most              Adj. used for countable nouns
much                more                (the) most             Adj. used for uncountable nouns
old                   elder                 (the) eldest           Adj. used for members of family
old                   older                 (the) oldest           Adj. used for other people and things






 

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